Anthelmintic activity of seaweed extract of Padina boergesenii and Padina tetrastromatica acute subacute level in naturally infected sheep

Background: Seaweeds have showed a broad range of biological activities such as antiviral, cardiovascular, autoimmune diseases, antineoplastic antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to assess capability of Padina boergesenii and Padina tetrastromatica extract for anthelmintic activity in sheep agonized with clinical parasitic gastroenteritis in different concentrations and compared it against the standard drug albendazole using natural acute/subacute parasitic gastroenteritis due primarily to mixed nematode species. Materials and Methods: The anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of seaweed of P. boergesenii was studied in sheep with natural acute/subacute parasitic gastroenteritis due primarily to mixed nematode species. Graded doses of the extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, p.o for 5 consecutive days) significantly reduced fecal egg counts in infected animals. The percentage reduction (96.1%) by 300 mg/kg of the extract was comparable to that of 5 mg/kg of albendazole (94.3%). Results: The administration of the extract resulted in improved hemoglobin and leukocytosis values in worm infected sheep. Conclusion: The current study evidence that the anthelmintic activity of the ethanolic extract of seaweed of P. boergesenii and P. tetrastromatica has promising anthelmintic activity against strongyle, Strongyloides papillosus, and Taenia ovis. However, the anthelmintic activity of P. boergesenii was superior to P. tetrastromatica.

Antimicrobial activity screening of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from brown algae Padina sp.

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from marine brown algae Padina sp.collected from Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The isolation of endophytic fungi was conductedusing dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) + Chloramphenicol as a growth medium. Nine fungistrains have been isolated from this alga. Purely isolated fungi were cultivated using rice as a medium at roomtemperature for 3–4 weeks. The secondary metabolite produced by fungi was extracted using ethyl acetate (EtOAc)as a solvent. The antimicrobial activity of EtOAc extracts was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichiacoli, and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. In this research, nine endophytic fungi were isolatedfrom the brown marine algae Padina sp. The results of antimicrobial activity screening showed that one fungal isolate(Nita3) was selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone of20.98 ± 1.56 mm, 17.98 ± 6.58 mm, and 13.60 ± 0 mm, respectively. This selected fungus was identified molecularlyas Trichoderma harzianum. We conclude that T. harzianum can be a source of antimicrobial compounds. However,continuous research is needed to prove its bioactive action

Antimicrobial activity screening of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from brown algae Padina sp.

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from marine brown algae Padina sp.collected from Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The isolation of endophytic fungi was conductedusing dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) + Chloramphenicol as a growth medium. Nine fungistrains have been isolated from this alga. Purely isolated fungi were cultivated using rice as a medium at roomtemperature for 3–4 weeks. The secondary metabolite produced by fungi was extracted using ethyl acetate (EtOAc)as a solvent. The antimicrobial activity of EtOAc extracts was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichiacoli, and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. In this research, nine endophytic fungi were isolatedfrom the brown marine algae Padina sp. The results of antimicrobial activity screening showed that one fungal isolate(Nita3) was selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone of20.98 ± 1.56 mm, 17.98 ± 6.58 mm, and 13.60 ± 0 mm, respectively. This selected fungus was identified molecularlyas Trichoderma harzianum. We conclude that T. harzianum can be a source of antimicrobial compounds. However,continuous research is needed to prove its bioactive action.

Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Padina australis against MCM-B2 and K562 cell lines.

The antiproliferative of the brown algae Padina australis extracts against cell MCM-B2 (canine benign mammarygland mixed tumor) and cell K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) in vitro was examined. The tested sampleswere water extract (n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction) and ethanol extract (n-hexanefraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction). Cytotoxicity was screened using brine shrimp lethality test.The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The antiproliferative activity test wasconducted using trypan blue dye method and cells were counted using hemocytometer. The results showed thatethyl acetate fraction from water extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity with lethal concentration 50 value of200.53 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction from water extract was then considered for further examination. Results ofantioxidant activity test showed that concentration for inhibitory activity of 50% of the ethyl acetate fraction reached113.37 ppm. This fraction at concentration of 400 ppm could inhibit the growth of MCM-B2 and K562 cancer celllines in vitro reaching 56.90% and 61.54%, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggested that ethyl acetatefraction of P. australis extract demonstrated a potential natural anticancer activity.

Screening Of Phytochemical, Antioxidant Activity And Anti-Bacterial Activity Of Marine Seaweeds

Objective: Phytochemical is naturally present in the seaweeds which biologically play a significant role. The intention of this study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial potential of selected seaweed collected from Rameshwaram and Tuticorin Southern coast of India.Methods: The present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents and also total phenol, total carbohydrate and total protein quantity of the brown seaweed. Dictyopteris delicatula, Padina gymnospora, Acanthophora spicifera, Portieria hornemannii and Ulva faciata were extracted with solvents having different polarities like methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water and screened for the phytochemical constituents, total phenol, total carbohydrate, total protein and DPPH with standard procedure. The antibacterial activities of the seaweeds were examined by agar well diffusion method.Results: Among the five seaweeds, U. faciata showed the maximum number of active constituents in the methanol extract likewise P. gymnospora was found to have a number of diligent compounds in ethanol extract. A. spicifera showed minimum compounds in ethanol as well as chloroform extract. Moreover A. spicifera, P. hornemannii have shown the superior quantity of protein and carbohydrate when compared to other species. The scavenging activity of methanol extracts at 5 mg/ml concentration P. hornemannii shows 18.2% and A. spicifera possess 17.1%. In the antibacterial activity, methanol extracts of all the seaweed showed a potential inhibitory activity against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa compared to other pathogens.Conclusion: The crude extract of seaweed manifest preferable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, hence in the future, it would be good if it is further taken for treatment of human diseases or as new antimicrobial agents to replace synthetic antimicrobial agents.

Brown seaweed Padina gymnospora is a prominent natural wound-care product

ABSTRACT Seaweeds are related to anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-noceptive effects. This work aimed to verify the potential of seaweed Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder 1871 to improve wound healing in vitro. P. gymnospora was collected at a bethonic area in Espirito Santo. Methanolic extract of P. gymnospora was obtained by percolation. To determine cytotoxicity, colorimetric MTT tests were performed against normal fibroblasts (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cell lines using concentration range of 12–110 µg ml-1. To evaluate in vitro wound healing, monolayer of fibroblasts L929 was seeded and artificial wounded. Cell proliferation was blocked by 5 µg ml-1 Mytomycin C. Nitric oxide inhibition was quantified with Raw 264.7 by Griess reaction. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Eletrospray ionization with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR MS) was applied to detail composition of P. gymnospora methanolic extract. No cytotoxic effect in all cell lines was detected until the maximum concentration of 110 µg ml-1. P. gymnospora promoted significantly migration at the concentration of 25 µg ml-1 (p < 0.05). A prominent inhibition of nitric oxide formation was achieved in a concentration of 20 µg ml-1 of methanolic extract of P. gymnospora (62.06 ± 1.20%). Antibacterial activity against S. aureus could be demonstrated with MIC of 500 µg ml-1. ESI-FT-ICR MS analysis indicated eleven molecules between then, linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid. P. gymnospora favored wound repair in vitro what could be related to its fatty acid composition. In addition, its antimicrobial effect, and NO inhibition activity contribute for a new approach of P. gymnospora as a promise natural product for treatment of cutaneous wound.

Comparative assessment of bacterial diversity associated with co-occurring eukaryotic hosts of Palk Bay origin.

Epibacterial communities of co-occurring eukaryotic hosts of Palk Bay origin (five seaweed species (Gracilaria sp, Padina sp, Enteromorpha sp, Sargassum sp, and Turbinaria sp) and one seagrass [Cymodaceae sp]) were analyzed for diversity and compared using 16S rRNA based Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis analysis. Diversity index revealed that Turbinaria sp hosts highest bacterial diversity while it was least in Gracilaria sp. The DGGE band profile showed that the epibacterial community differed considerably among the studied species. Statistical assessment using cluster analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scale analysis also authenticated the observed variability. Despite huge overlap, the composition of bacterial community structure differed significantly among the three closely related species namely Sargassum, Turbinaria and Padina. In addition, Enteromorpha and Sargassum, one being chlorophyta and the other phaeophyta showed about 80% similarity in bacterial composition. This differs from the general notion that epibacterial community composition will vary widely depending on the host phyla. The results extended the phenomenon of host specific epibacterial community irrespective of phylogeny and similarity in geographical location.

Phlorotannins from Brown Algae: inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation in high glucose induced Caenorhabditis elegans.

Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) generated in a non enzymatic protein glycation process are frequently associated with diabetes, aging and other chronic diseases. Here, we explored the protective effect of phlorotannins from brown algae Padina pavonica, Sargassum polycystum and Turbinaria ornata against AGEs formation. Phlorotannins were extracted from brown algae with methanol and its purity was analyzed by TLC and RP-HPLC-DAD. Twenty five grams of P. pavonica, S. polycystum, T. ornata yielded 27.6±0.8 µg/ml, 37.7 µg/ml and 37.1±0.74 µg/ml of phloroglucinol equivalent of phlorotannins, respectively. Antioxidant potentials were examined through DPPH assay and their IC50 values were P. pavonica (30.12±0.99 µg), S. polycystum (40.9±1.2 µg) and T. ornata (22.9±1.3 µg), which was comparatively lesser than the control ascorbic acid (46±0.2 µg). Further, anti-AGE activity was examined in vitro by BSA-glucose assay with the extracted phlorotannins of brown algae (P. pavonica, 15.16±0.26 µg/ml; S. polycystum, 35.245±2.3 µg/ml; T. ornata, 22.7±0.3 µg/ml), which revealed the required concentration to inhibit 50% of albumin glycation (IC50) were lower for extracts than controls (phloroglucinol, 222.33±4.9 µg/ml; thiamine, 263 µg/ml). Furthermore, brown algal extracts containing phlorotannins (100 µl) exhibited protective effects against AGE formation in vivo in C. elegans with induced hyperglycemia.

Larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by seaweed extracts in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by the extracts derived from seaweeds Bryopsis pennata (B. pennata), Sargassum binderi (S. binderi) and Padina australis in Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) larvae and to characterize the phytochemical components of the three seaweeds.@*METHODS@#Larvicidal activity of the seaweeds towards the larvae of Ae. aegypti was determined according to WHO. The inhibition effect of seaweeds was assessed by determining the mortality, adult emergence rate, larval and pupa duration of the treated larvae. Histopathological effect on midgut epithelium of larvae and morphological aberration induced by the methanol extracts were examined. Phytochemical analysis was done to determine the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids in the seaweeds.@*RESULTS@#Chloroform partition of B. pennata extract exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity (LC50 = 82.55 μg/mL), followed by methanol extract of B. pennata (LC50 = 160.07 μg/mL) and chloroform partition of S. binderi extract (LC50 = 192.43 μg/mL). The methanol extract of S. binderi exhibited the strongest effect on prolongation of larval period (1.5-fold longer as compared to control) and resulted in strongest inhibition effect in adult emergence (98.67%). The histopathological study showed that larvae treated with seaweed extracts had cytopathological alteration of the midgut epithelium. The morphological observation revealed that the anal papillae and terminal spiracles of larvae were the common sites of aberrations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study provided information on various effects of seaweed extracts on Ae. aegypti. Further investigation on identifying the active compounds and their mechanisms of action is recommended.

Larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by seaweed extracts in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Objective: To investigate the larvicidal activity, inhibition effect on development, histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by the extracts derived from seaweeds Bryopsis pennata (B. pennata). Sargassum binderi (S. binderi) and Padina australis in Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) larvae and to characterize the phytochemical components of the three seaweeds. Methods: Larvicidal activity of the seaweeds towards the larvae of Ae. aegypti was determined according to WHO. The inhibition effect of seaweeds was assessed by determining the mortality, adult emergence rate, larval and pupa duration of the treated larvae. Histopathological effect on midgut epithelium of larvae and morphological aberration induced by the methanol extracts were examined. Phytochemical analysis was done to determine the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids in the seaweeds. Results: Chloroform partition of B. pennata extract exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity (LC

An Antimicrobial Activity of the Brown Seaweed Padina Tetrastromatica Extract in Different Concentration Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria.

The brown seaweed Padina tetrastromatica which can be collected from Gulf Of Mannar Sea shore Thoothukudi, India. In this present study was focused on the antimicrobial activity of the selected seaweed against six human pathogenic bacteria (Gram +ve: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Gram -ve: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) by the agar well diffusion method. Here, different concentrations of the extract from Padina tetrastromatica were tested for probable antimicrobial activity and the extracts were prepared by five different solvents such as Acetone, Chloroform, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate and methanol. The experimental results shows that the highest antimicrobial activity 15mm was shown by Ethyl acetate extract against S. aureus and the lowest activity observed in methanol extract 1mm against E.coli. The experiment concludes that the extract of Ethyl acetate forms a good activity against all the six organisms.

Padina arborescens extract protects high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells by reducing oxidative stress

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether Padina arborescens extract (PAE) protects INS-1 pancreatic beta cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Assays, including cell viability, lipid peroxidation, generation of intracellular ROS, NO production, antioxidant enzyme activity and insulin secretion, were conducted. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in INS-1 cells were evaluated by western blot analysis, and apoptosis/necrosis induced by high glucose was determined by analysis of FITC-Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS: Treatment with high concentrations of glucose induced INS-1 cell death, but PAE at concentrations of 25, 50 or 100 microg/ml significantly increased cell viability. The treatment with PAE dose dependently reduced the lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes reduced by 30 mM glucose, while intracellular ROS levels increased under conditions of 30 mM glucose. PAE treatment improved the secretory responsiveness following stimulation with glucose. The results also demonstrated that glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis is associated with modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. When INS-1 cells were stained with Annexin V/PI, we found that PAE reduced apoptosis by glucotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study indicates that PAE protects against high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells by reducing oxidative stress.

Sulfated fucans extracted from algae Padina gymnospora have anti-inflammatory effect

Sulfated polysaccharides were extracted with acetone from brown algae Padina gymnospora. The fraction precipitated with 1.5 volumes of acetone (F1.5) purified in Sephadex G-75 was characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance of 13C and ¹H, through which the presence of sulfate groups on the C4 of α-L-fucose could be observed. This polysaccharide showed that an MW of 25,000 Da was effective in reducing leukocyte influx into the peritoneal cavity in mice at 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg body weight, causing a decrease of 60 and 39 percent, respectively. In the present study, it was observed that this fucan has anti-inflammatory properties but no cytotoxic action, indicating its potential use in the pharmaceutical industry.